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What is a Buy-Sell Agreement?

A Buy-Sell Agreement (Unternehmenskauf- und -übertragungsvertrag) sets clear rules for buying out a business partner's ownership stake when specific events occur, like retirement, death, or voluntary departure. German companies, especially GmbHs and family businesses, use these agreements to maintain control over who owns company shares and ensure business continuity.

Under German corporate law, these agreements protect remaining shareholders by establishing fair valuation methods, payment terms, and transfer procedures. They help prevent disputes, safeguard business operations, and align with strict German inheritance rules. The agreement typically includes specific trigger events, valuation formulas compliant with BGB requirements, and funding mechanisms like life insurance policies.

When should you use a Buy-Sell Agreement?

A Buy-Sell Agreement becomes essential when starting a GmbH or partnership in Germany, especially with multiple shareholders or family members involved. It's most valuable before major changes occur - ideally when relationships are positive and all parties can think clearly about future scenarios.

German businesses need these agreements when planning for ownership transitions, particularly in cases of retirement, divorce, or unexpected death. They're crucial for family-owned companies managing generational transfers, professional partnerships handling partner departures, and startups protecting against unwanted third-party buyers. The agreement works best when paired with proper funding mechanisms and regular valuation updates under German corporate law.

What are the different types of Buy-Sell Agreement?

Who should typically use a Buy-Sell Agreement?

  • Business Partners (Gesellschafter): Co-owners who sign the Buy-Sell Agreement to protect their interests and establish clear exit procedures
  • Corporate Lawyers (Unternehmensanwälte): Draft and review agreements to ensure compliance with German corporate law and BGB requirements
  • Tax Advisors (Steuerberater): Guide valuation methods and structure agreements for optimal tax treatment
  • Notaries (Notare): Authenticate signatures and verify compliance with German legal requirements for share transfers
  • Insurance Providers: Supply funding mechanisms through life insurance policies to support buyout obligations

How do you write a Buy-Sell Agreement?

  • Company Documentation: Gather articles of association, shareholder registry, and current company valuation reports
  • Trigger Events: Define specific circumstances that activate the agreement under German law (death, retirement, disability)
  • Valuation Method: Choose and document a clear business valuation formula acceptable under BGB guidelines
  • Funding Strategy: Determine how purchases will be financed, including insurance policies or installment payments
  • Stakeholder Input: Collect preferences from all shareholders regarding transfer restrictions and right of first refusal
  • Legal Review: Our platform generates legally-compliant documents, ensuring all mandatory elements meet German corporate requirements

What should be included in a Buy-Sell Agreement?

  • Party Identification: Full legal names and details of all shareholders per German registration requirements
  • Transfer Triggers: Specific events activating the agreement (Tod, Ruhestand, Austritt)
  • Valuation Mechanism: Clear formula for calculating company worth, compliant with BGB standards
  • Payment Terms: Detailed structure of purchase payments, including timeframes and interest rates
  • Right of First Refusal: Process for existing shareholders to purchase available shares
  • Dispute Resolution: German arbitration or court procedures for resolving disagreements
  • Notarization Requirements: Formal authentication needs per German corporate law

What's the difference between a Buy-Sell Agreement and an Asset Purchase Agreement?

A Buy-Sell Agreement differs significantly from a Asset Purchase Agreement in German business law. While both involve business transfers, they serve distinct purposes and operate under different legal frameworks.

  • Scope and Purpose: Buy-Sell Agreements focus on internal ownership transfers between existing shareholders, while Asset Purchase Agreements handle the sale of specific business assets to external parties
  • Timing of Creation: Buy-Sell Agreements are typically established when forming a company or partnership, remaining dormant until triggered. Asset Purchase Agreements are created at the time of an actual sale
  • Legal Framework: Buy-Sell Agreements operate under German corporate law (GmbHG), focusing on share transfers. Asset Purchase Agreements fall under general contract law (BGB) and deal with tangible asset transfers
  • Valuation Methods: Buy-Sell Agreements include pre-agreed valuation formulas, while Asset Purchase Agreements typically reflect current market valuations and negotiations

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